This presentation summarizes a pilot study conducted after the May 2011 administration of the AP Environmental Science Exam. The study used analytical methods based on scaled anchoring as input to a Performance Level Descriptor validation process that solicited systematic input from subject matter experts.

This appendix outlines four major dimensions of motivation and how they are defined by major scholars in the field. [For Student Motivation: An Overlooked Piece of School Reform. Summary, which is a summary of the 8 documents that this appendix was created for, see ED532666.] (Contains 4 endnotes.)

For educational achievement tests that employ multiple-choice (MC) items and aim to reliably classify students into performance categories, it is critical to design MC items that are capable of discriminating student performance according to the stated achievement levels. This is accomplished, in part, by clearly understanding how item design…