Supporting young students in developing meanings for the set-theoretic function definition is emphasized in 6th-12th grade curricula around the world. In prior work, we have highlighted how covariational reasoning supports college students in constructing relationships that afford considering mathematical properties important for a set-theoretic…

The aim of this study was to examine 6th-grade students' mathematical abstraction processes related to the concept of variable by using the teaching experiment method and to reveal their learning trajectories in the context of the RBC+C model. A teaching experiment was administered to a class of 29 middle school students for 3 weeks. Observations,…

Educational leaders need to ask themselves how it is possible that nearly 40% of 329,969 Texas fourth grade students are reading below grade level? With accountability standards rising, how does any school with an at-risk population produce fluent readers and in turn master grade level expectations? Scholars agree that meaning derives from…