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Angela M. Jack; Ben Pogodzinski – Educational Policy, 2025
Accountability efforts under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) has brought greater attention to school-level processes and practices and their impact on student outcomes. This has pushed states to report more school-level inputs, including per-pupil expenditures. Grounded in an open systems theory (OST) framework, we identify the association…
Descriptors: Educational Change, Educational Finance, Expenditures, Academic Achievement
Amy Y. Li; Meredith S. Billings; Denisa Gándara; Xiaodan Hu – Community College Review, 2025
Objective/Research Question: Many localities have implemented promise programs, which cover tuition for students to attend college based on residency criteria. These "free college" programs have been shown to increase student enrollment, creating the need for additional institutional resources to support student graduation. We analyzed…
Descriptors: College Programs, Community Colleges, Educational Finance, Resource Allocation
Martin F. Lueken – EdChoice, 2024
This report summarizes the fiscal effects of education choice programs across the United States from an analysis of 48 private education choice programs in 25 states plus D.C. The programs in the analysis include five education savings account programs, 22 school voucher programs, and 21 tax credit scholarship programs. This study estimates the…
Descriptors: School Choice, Private Schools, Costs, Expenditure per Student
Ben Scafidi – EdChoice, 2025
Do education choice programs take money from public school districts, leaving fewer resources for students who remain? The issue at the heart of this question is one of the most powerful arguments offered by skeptics and opponents of such programs. A district's total budget might expand or contract as its student population expands or contracts.…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Declining Enrollment, Educational Resources, School Districts
Benjamin Wilhelm – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The study examined the relationship between expenditures and student achievement in Ohio school districts for the years 2015 through 2019. Data were analyzed for categorical district expenditures correlated to student achievement. Operating and instructional expenditure categories, along with typology demographics, comprised the independent…
Descriptors: School Districts, Expenditures, Academic Achievement, Educational Finance
Nguyen-Hoang, Phuong; Zhang, Pengju – Education Finance and Policy, 2022
This is the first study to examine the fiscal effects of the New York property tax levy limit, using variation from the degree of fiscal stringency across school districts and over time in its first five years of implementation. Based on a difference-in-differences estimator, coupled with an event study specification, we find that the tax limit…
Descriptors: School Districts, Economic Impact, Educational Finance, Expenditure per Student
Martin F. Lueken – EdChoice, 2024
This brief presents the results of a fiscal analysis of the New Hampshire Education Freedom Account Program. The Education Freedom Account Program enables students from low- and middle-income households to access education savings accounts (ESAs) designated for various educational purposes such as private school tuition, tutoring, textbooks,…
Descriptors: Money Management, Banking, Educational Finance, Private Schools
Stephen Q. Cornman; Shannon Doyle; Clara Moore; Jeremy Phillips; Malia R. Nelson – National Center for Education Statistics, 2025
This First Look report introduces new data for national and state-level public elementary and secondary revenues and expenditures for fiscal year (FY) 2023. Specifically, this report includes the following school finance data: (1) revenue and expenditure totals; (2) revenues by source; (3) expenditures by function, subfunction, and object; (4)…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, Income, Expenditures, Elementary Secondary Education
Phyllis Young Watson – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Performance-based funding policies for postsecondary institutions have been enacted throughout the United States as an answer to reductions in public funding and increased accountability mandates. Institutional effectiveness, as demonstrated through metrics such as graduation and retention rates, dictates the level of funding received. Educational…
Descriptors: Black Colleges, Graduation Rate, Expenditure per Student, Performance Based Assessment
Bertoni, Eleonora; Elacqua, Gregory; Marotta, Luana; Martínez, Matías; Santos, Humberto; Soares, Sammara – Comparative Education Review, 2023
Education spending has increased significantly in Latin America, but less is known about how resources are distributed. Using original data, this study measures the inequality in per-pupil spending between regions with different levels of socioeconomic status within Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. We find that Brazil has the widest…
Descriptors: Expenditures, Rural Urban Differences, Educational Finance, Expenditure per Student
Michael J. Bradley; James N. Maples – Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 2024
The popular climbing destination of Lander, Wyoming receives nearly 37,000 climbing visits every year, with 78% of those visits coming from persons living outside of this area. Climbing tourism expenditures result in an estimated $4.5 million in visitor spending each year. Climber demographics indicate these visitors are well-educated with 98%…
Descriptors: Recreational Activities, Physical Activities, Tourism, Economic Impact
Burinskiene, Aurelija – International Journal of Learning and Change, 2023
The author investigated the application of lean management system in production enterprises and highlighted the main differences between traditional management and lean management systems. Many classical qualitative methods are used for benchmarking both systems. However, classic techniques consider costs accumulation but do not include time…
Descriptors: Models, Benchmarking, Costs, Efficiency
Stephen Q. Cornman; Osei Ampadu; Kaitlin Hanak; Stephen Wheeler – National Center for Education Statistics, 2024
This First Look report presents data on public elementary and secondary education revenues and expenditures at the local education agency (LEA) or school district level for fiscal year (FY) 2022. Specifically, this report includes the following types of school district finance data: (1) revenue, current expenditure, and capital outlay expenditure…
Descriptors: Income, Expenditures, Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education
Ihugba, O. A.; Obiukwu, S.; Akobundu, P. L.; Osunkwo, T.; Oyalede, O.; Okonkwo, K. – International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2022
The bounds testing (augmented autoregressive distributed lag, ARDL) technique to cointegration was used in this study to investigate the effect of household income and expenditure on tertiary school enrolment in Nigeria from 1970 to 2020. The model was employed to estimate the relationship between these three variables while also accounting for…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Enrollment, Family Income, Expenditures
Cornman, S. Q.; Phillips, J. J.; Howell, M. R. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2023
This set of tables introduces new data for national and state-level public elementary and secondary revenues and expenditures for fiscal year (FY) 2021. Specifically, these tables include the following school finance data: (1) revenue and expenditure totals; (2) revenues by source; (3) expenditures by function and object; (4) current expenditures;…
Descriptors: Public Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Income, Expenditures