Critical thinking disposition (CTD) is regarded as a personal trait within critical thinking (CT), representing an individual's tendency and attitude toward actively employing CT skills (CTS). Previous research has predominantly focused on the external influencing factors of CTD, with limited exploration into CTD itself and the interactions among…

In this study, we investigated the impact of prompting on young students' source consideration when watching videos with conflicting information. 262 French 7th graders were shown a series of videos in which two speakers (varying in credibility) took opposite stances on the topic of organic farming. The students were either given no prompts…

Background: Previous research indicates that students lack sufficient online credibility evaluation skills. However, the results are fragmented and difficult to compare as they are based on different types of measures and indicators. Consequently, there is no clear understanding of the structure of credibility evaluation. Objectives: The present…

Children with disabilities often receive accommodations, but teachers rarely explain them to typically-developing (TD) classmates. How do TD students reason about these accommodations and evaluate their fairness? Five-, seven-, and nine-year-olds from the United States (N = 122; 50% female; 87.7% white; data collected April 2022-September 2023)…

This study investigates students' and adults' performance in judging reasonableness of computational results, namely reflecting on whether these results qualify as acceptable answers to mathematical tasks. Data was gathered via task-based questionnaires from 160 participants, evenly divided between fifth-graders and adults. Their responses to a…

This study combines collaborative learning and inquiry-based learning, analyzes the characteristics of fourth-grade mathematics textbook, and designs an instructional model based on collaborative learning and inquiry-based learning. Based on this instructional model, this study adopts a quasi-experimental design, involving 142 fourth-grade…

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of religious education on Turkish children's "reality status" judgements, reasoning processes and "intercessory beliefs for problem solving." The participants consist of 51 children, 27 of whom are enrolled in a public kindergarten that provides secular education and 24 in…

Recent studies established that making concurrent judgments of learning (JOLs) can significantly alter (typically enhance) memory itself--a "reactivity" effect. The current study recruited 190 Chinese children (M[subscript age] = 8.68 years; 101 female) in 2020 and 2021 to explore the reactivity effect on children's learning, its…

Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to a change in liking of a conditioned stimulus (CS) consecutive to its repeated pairing with a valent unconditioned stimulus (US). We relied on a multinomial processing tree model to compare the processes underlying EC in middle-aged children (n = 57, M[subscript age] = 8.65, range = 6.94-11.03; 31 females) and…

To enhance the effectiveness of formative assessment and self-regulated learning, this study focused on evaluative judgement. A process for developing evaluative judgement and co-regulation had proposed. However, this co-regulation and evaluative judgement model lacks validation for use in classroom settings; the process of developing evaluative…

Since the end of 2022, global discussions on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have surged, influencing diverse societal groups, such as teachers, students and policymakers. This case study focuses on Swedish primary school students aged 11-12. The aim is to examine their cognitive and affective perceptions of AI and their current usage. Data,…

While teachers are obliged to report and investigate incidents of bullying, harassment, and degrading treatment in Swedish schools, research suggests that they sometimes struggle to decide which incidents to report. In this study, we investigate Swedish schoolteachers' reflections on dealing with bullying, harassment, and degrading treatment, and…

Despite acknowledgement in the data-informed decision making (DIDM) literature that data use is not a purely rational process, there has been little attention paid to the role of values and normative factors that underpin school improvement planning (SIP) processes and little consideration of the inherent evaluative nature of associated activities…

The aim of the study was to investigate students' views of model evaluation through the lens of personal epistemology. We developed an integrated analytical framework by combining a developmental framework, including absolutist, multiplist, and evaluatist, with a multi-dimensional framework, including limits of knowing, certainty of knowing, and…

Previous studies have suggested that there is a left-to-right mental number line, which is based on individuals responding faster when a smaller magnitude is presented on the left visual field and a larger magnitude is presented on the right visual field. This study examined whether the Spatial-Numerical Associations could influence individuals'…