Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) presents challenges and opportunities for higher education. The challenge is to incorporate the benefits of AI while minimizing its potential for misuse and undermining of learning. The opportunity is that AI allows instructors to assess learning authentically by fostering creative, engaging, realistic,…

Learning objectives (LOs) are a pillar of course design and execution and thus a focus of curricular reforms. This study explored the extent to which the creation and usage of LOs might be facilitated by three leading chatbots: ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Google Gemini Advanced. We posed three main questions, as follows: "question…