Social research methodologists have postulated that the transparency of survey procedures and data processing is mandatory for assessing the Total Survey Error. Recent analyses of data from cross-national surveys have demonstrated an increase in the quality of documentation reports over time and significant differences in documentation quality…

A quick review of national policy documents reveals how lifelong learning has evolved as the key principle for a comprehensive education and learning strategy from cradle to grave. This raises major challenges for how to assess and report the state of lifelong learning in UNESCO Member States. It is in this context that this article critically…

The use of controlled comparisons pervades comparative historical analysis. Heated debates have surrounded the methodological purchase of such comparisons. However, the quality and validity of the conceptual building blocks on which the comparisons are based have largely been ignored. This article discusses a particular problem pertaining to these…