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Direct linkWarren, John Robert; Saliba, Jim – Educational Researcher, 2012
How many students repeat a grade each year? How do retention rates vary across states and over time? Despite extensive research on the predictors and consequences of grade retention, there is no systematic way to quantify state-level retention rates; even national estimates rely on imperfect proxy measures. We present a conceptually simple…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, School Holding Power, Public Education, National Surveys
Keeves, John P.; Hungi, Njora; Afrassa, Tilahun – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 2005
This article traces the evolution of a quest for solving the problems involved in the analysis of multilevel data and the estimation of the value added effects of schools in influencing educational outcomes. The authors report the findings of two studies that followed several cohorts of students that were tested at two grade levels (Grade 3 and…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Grade 5, Grade 3, Scaling
