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Wang, Lijuan; Zhang, Zhiyong; McArdle, John J.; Salthouse, Timothy A. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2008
Score limitation at the top of a scale is commonly termed "ceiling effect." Ceiling effects can lead to serious artifactual parameter estimates in most data analysis. This study examines the consequences of ceiling effects in longitudinal data analysis and investigates several methods of dealing with ceiling effects through Monte Carlo simulations…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Data Analysis, Evaluation Methods, Monte Carlo Methods