Non-experimental value-added models have been shown to yield forecast-unbiased estimates of teacher and school effects. To investigate, we propose a dynamic state-space model of knowledge accumulation, in which test scores are imperfect measures of knowledge, and students receive temporary and persistent shocks to their stock of knowledge each…

The concept of values is the central concept in evaluation. There are several ways of looking at values, including from the perspectives of philosophy, psychology, sociology, biology, and biography. In this article Ernest House discusses how values are conceived in cognitive psychology and what that means for evaluation. Further, he discusses the…

This article describes the "mathematical criteria" employed by the International Skating Union (ISU) to identify potential judging anomalies within competitive figure skating. The mathematical criteria have greater sensitivity to identify scoring anomalies for technical element scores than for the program component scores. This article…