Background/Context: Recent movements to "opt out" of state assessments have brought together a broad and diverse group of activists. While many activists foreground concerns of equity and justice, opting out has been concentrated in affluent suburban communities (Pizmony-Levy & Green Saraisky, 2016). These differences highlight…

Throughout the twentieth century, middle-class progressives embraced visions of democracy rooted in their relatively privileged life experiences. Progressive educators developed pedagogies designed to nurture the individual voice within egalitarian classrooms, assuming that collective action in the public realm could be modeled on the relatively…

Among recently emerged educational policy structures in New York State, only the New York State United Teachers is likely to become a permanent new force, and its influence over general educational policies is expected to be weak. Within the current political-educational policy structure, prospects are dim for solutions to such complex issues as…