This study examined the interrelationships between e-learning, academic self-efficacy (ASE), academic motivation (AM) and academic performance (AP) among English language learners as foreign language (EFL) students in 2024. Despite the growing use of e-learning in educational settings, there is a limited understanding of its relationships with…

The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore adult immigrant learners' perspectives and motivations for participating in an ESL program through the lens of McClusky's Theory of Margin. Nine adult immigrant ESL students were interviewed about their learning experiences. Creswell's (1994) systematic process informed the…

Student engagement is critical for both academic achievement and learner satisfaction because it promotes successful learning outcomes. Despite its importance in various learning environments, research into the trends and themes of student engagement is scarce. In this regard, topic modeling, a machine learning technique, allows for the analysis…

Given the importance of academic motivation, numerous inquiries have scrutinized the antecedents of this psycho-emotional variable in various educational environments. Nonetheless, the role of students' attitudes in their academic motivation has remained elusive. Put simply, it is unclear whether students' attitudes can make positive changes in…

Autonomous learning is a fundamental aspect of education that builds important skills, like critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability, which are important for achievement in a constantly changing professional environment. Cultivating it promotes lifelong learning, self-improvement, and knowledge beyond traditional educational settings.…

While artificial intelligence in language learning has garnered extensive research attention, the specific roles of motivation and digital literacy (DL) in shaping students' self-regulated language learning within AI remain largely unexplored. Based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study endeavoured to understand how learning…

Learning motivation is a critical factor in learners' decision to commit, or not commit, to learning tasks. This study investigates the extent and working components of learning motivation in a fully online English as a foreign-language (EFL) course amid COVID-19, drawing upon data from focus groups and a survey delivered to 183 students in an…

In this study, we investigated how student engagement and disengagement change over the course of a semester in the L2 classroom. We modeled change at the inter- and intra-individual levels, using time-variant predictors to examine differences in student classroom engagement and disengagement trajectories. In addition to these temporal dynamics,…

The present study is aimed at examining the links between L2 self-guides and self-determination theory (SDT). 429 Korean university students participated in the study and their responses to the questionnaires on L2 self-guides in the 2 x 2 model and autonomous motivation of SDT were analyzed. The results show that, first, promotion focused L2…

In recent years, the integration of digital technologies into language learning has gained significant attention, particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. However, there remains a gap in understanding the broader affective and cognitive benefits of serious game-based learning (SGBL) in this field. The present…

Students are often encouraged to explain recently-taught information to others to enhance their learning in various settings including face-to-face in the classroom, through text, or in educational videos. However, nearly all studies on the impact of explaining things to others have focused on the effects of explaining to a less-knowledgeable…

The socio-educational model suggests that social milieu influences individual characteristics, which in turn affect engagement in learning contexts, ultimately impacting linguistic and non-linguistic outcomes. Operationalized representations of the model tend to focus on relations among integrativeness, attitudes to the learning situation,…

Role-play tasks have long been used by researchers and practitioners to observe L2 (Second language) speaking performance. This social-situated simulation allows students to employ their language skills to converse about real-life themes. While role-plays are highly plausible to actively engage students in interactive learning environments, it has…

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) are portrayed as highly intense and prolonged periods of motivation oriented to a much-desired goal of personal significance. While we have seen a recent growth in studies examining aspects of DMCs, evidence on the negative side-effects of DMCs remains inadequate to date. In response to repeated calls for…

This research investigates the impact of task-based language teaching (TBLT) on Vietnamese adult English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' attitudes toward speaking performance. The study explored self-efficacy, motivation and speaking anxiety through an online questionnaire administered to 35 employed adults in Vietnam, supplemented by three…