The use of subordination enables language users to achieve syntactic efficiency by allowing them to connect ideas in temporal/logical relation. Although the importance of subordination has been recognized in previous research on second language (L2) writing, it has been typically assessed with global indices that measure overall ratio of…

The role of AI chatbots is undergoing a transformation, where it was firstly used for English native language learning; later, it shifted to the use for learning English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language learning. Lastly, it is used to learn foreign languages. Hence, due to the changes in AI chatbots' role, there is a…

In this essay, I suggest that we should embrace generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) writing tools, particularly chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude), because they can enable linguistic equity by leveling the academic playing field for English as an additional language students. As writing experts, we can find ways to use this…

This study investigates the growing interest in ChatGPT's role in education, with a particular focus on its effects on postgraduate students' English-speaking proficiency--an area predominantly explored through theoretical perspectives with limited empirical evidence. The research aims to address this gap by examining the experiences and…

Background/purpose: Foreign language speaking anxiety poses a persistent challenge for Indonesian ESP students in hospitality programs. Traditional classroom settings often exacerbate this anxiety, limiting students' confidence and speaking fluency. This study investigates how ChatGPT's Voice Conversation Mode can create a low-pressure environment…

This study explores the efficacy of ChatGPT-3.5, an AI chatbot, used as an Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) system and feedback provider for IELTS essay preparation. It investigates the alignment between scores given by ChatGPT-3.5 and those assigned by official IELTS examiners to establish its reliability as an AES. It also identifies the strategies…

Machine and prompt-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) learning has made significant evolution profusely. In education, it has revitalized researchers and educators to scout out subsequent advantages for optimizing learning results. Chiefly, Generative AI has exhibited substantial potential as a tool for language augmentation. This study aims to…

Since the advent of computer-mediated communication (CMC) technologies, the landscape of education, especially in English Language Teaching and learning, has undergone significant transformations. Academic writing, a key skill in this context, has witnessed notable benefits from technological advancements, particularly in the contemporary era. One…

Background: Introducing new technologies in education sparks debates, disrupting traditional practices, and requiring teacher adaptation. ChatGPT is an example. Research explores its benefits and concerns in education, with recommendations for classroom use. Nevertheless, limited evidence supports ChatGPT as a tool for supporting English as a…

"A Dictionary of Contemporary Figurative Language" is meant to be an appendix to an earlier, more comprehensive work: ED648945, "A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Contemporary Figurative Language and Metaphor 2024." This appendix simply updates the dictionary of that previous work to better reflect the language used during the 2024…

When studying grammar, students must not only focus on its structure but also on its form. Form-focused activities are integral to this process, requiring students to identify and manipulate language forms. A well-established technique for facilitating language acquisition is the consciousness-raising task (CR), which aims to heighten learners'…

This paper presents the integration of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and other AI tools in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, addressing the limitations of traditional pedagogical approaches. Conventional EFL methods, often reliant on rote learning for standardized tests, struggle to impart practical language skills relevant…

Large language model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs), with their advanced generative capabilities and human-like conversational interfaces, can serve as reading partners for children during dialogic reading and have shown promise in enhancing children's comprehension and conversational skills. However, there is limited research on the…

Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) are a valuable tool in language learning because they provide opportunities for authentic interaction. However, their effectiveness, compared with that of human interlocutors, in facilitating second and foreign language interaction has not been explored. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of IPAs…

Automated essay scoring (AES) has become a valuable tool in educational settings, providing efficient and objective evaluations of student essays. However, the majority of AES systems have primarily focused on native English speakers, leaving a critical gap in the evaluation of non-native speakers' writing skills. This research addresses this gap…