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Tracy Noble; Craig S. Wells; Ann S. Rosebery – Educational Assessment, 2023
This article reports on two quantitative studies of English learners' (ELs) interactions with constructed-response items from a Grade 5 state science test. Study 1 investigated the relationships between the constructed-response item-level variables of English Reading Demand, English Writing Demand, and Background Knowledge Demand and the…
Descriptors: Grade 5, State Standards, Standardized Tests, Science Tests
Gandhi-Lee, Eshani N. – ProQuest LLC, 2018
Because language provides the framework through which knowledge is constructed, it is crucial to consider the ways in which students with limited English proficiencies are able to express their understanding. English language learners (ELLs) make up a significant portion of the student body in the education system and represent many ethnic and…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, STEM Education, Student Evaluation, Science Tests