Defines the notion of literacy scaffold and explains why literacy scaffolding applies to both first- and second-language learners. Offers criteria for teachers to apply in developing scaffolds. Illustrates the model with scaffolding activities used with elementary children, emphasizing the kinds of social contexts that optimize learning. (MG)

This text was designed for adult students of English as a Second Language who are reading at approximately an intermediate level. Ten chapters address a variety of topics relating to daily life in the United States, including: travel and transportation; the nuclear and extended family; holiday traditions and customs; the education system; college…

A recent study proposed a rational for investigating the effects of mediating tasks upon a summary writing activity for tertiary-level students using English as an educational medium. The tasks in this study involved a group discussion or a reading comprehension exercise, with a third condition providing for immediate access to the text and…