Questions asked by teachers in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms are widely recognized as crucial in mediating language and content learning. Nonetheless, studies on EMI classroom discourse have rarely attempted a comprehensive conceptualization of teacher questioning or an analytical model to operationalize such a conceptualization.…

Questions asked by teachers are vital to maintaining and sustaining learner engagement. In Hong Kong secondary classrooms where English is used as the medium of instruction (EMI), productive teacher questioning is key to promoting both language and content learning. Drawing on classroom observations and in-depth interviews, this study investigated…

Since the end of the last century, the English as a foreign language (EFL) community seems to have entered a new era: the postmethod era. Despite fierce debate about its rationality and feasibility, the three pedagogical parameters--particularity, practicality, and possibility--have been influential and applied to various teaching contexts. Under…

Through design and development research (DDR), we aimed to create a validated automatic question generation (AQG) system using large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, enhanced by prompting engineering techniques. While AQG has become increasingly integral to online learning for its efficiency in generating questions, issues such as inconsistent…

This article uses the Stephen Crane story "The Open Boat" (freely available on the American English website) as an anchor text to demonstrate how teachers can apply Raphael's Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) technique to a text that students might be assigned to read. The article includes numerous examples and tips that teachers can…

The objective of this study is to examine the questioning behaviours and strategies used by EFL instructors to enhance reflective learning in the communicative English language skills course at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. The descriptive qualitative case study was designed in line with the principles of the interpretivists' research paradigm,…

Focusing on English picture books, this study comparatively examined the effects of dialogic reading with empathetic questioning and standard dialogic reading on the reading outcomes of elementary school students. It evaluated eye movement metrics and measured reading comprehension among 54 fifth-grade elementary school students in China. By…

Language in CLIL is dependent on the subject that embraces it, as it is the case of Physical Education. The present descriptive exploratory case study examines how content and language are integrated into Physical Education lessons with CLIL in secondary education. It applies the Cognitive Discourse Function construct as a heuristic to analyse 19…

Background: Critical thinking and argumentative writing are considered complex but essential skills for learners. However, few studies have examined how instructions can be designed to optimize the development of such skills simultaneously. Contextualized in flipped language classrooms, this study aimed to develop an instructional innovation for…

Using questions in the classroom setting is an age-old practice and has been an influential technique of teaching for centuries. Questions are often used to enhance comprehension and develop critical-thinking skills in students. This technique of teaching stimulates learners to think, learn and act. The study aimed at exploring teachers' beliefs…

The research is devoted to the problem of mastering pre-service EFL teachers' specific proficiency in using questions as an effective tool in the EL classroom discourse and university discourse. The purpose of the paper is to submit the teaching scheme of training pre-service EFL teachers' questioning skills, encouraging them to work out their own…

Critical thinking is integral to English language teaching (ELT) as it enhances both linguistic competence and higher-order cognitive abilities such as analysis, evaluation, and problem-solving. This paper explores how critical thinking can be systematically embedded in ELT to foster intellectual maturity and independent learning. It examines…

This paper presents a study of EFL classroom talk with the focus on how teachers successfully encourage and elicit student dialogic talk through questioning. It is based on observation data from forty-nine classes involving eleven teaching staff in a university in central China. The findings reveal the difficulty of engaging students to be the…

Research on recasts has gotten increasing attention from SLA researchers ever since 1990s. However, the studies on the effectiveness of recasts had inconsistent findings and are still debatable in what way recasts facilitate L2 learning. This study aims to examine the effects of recasts on English question production by adopting a pretest,…

Using multimodal conversation analysis, this article examines how students strive to resolve non-understandings through requests for clarification during teacher-fronted physics lectures taught in English in Finland. The findings provide new insights on the sequential environments in which students launch the requests (i.e. between or during…