Intercultural contact (IC), affording interactions between individuals from different cultures, should be an accessible goal in promoting intercultural (communicative) competence (ICC) in additional language learning context. IC happened either directly through in-person interaction or indirectly through exposure to cultural elements such as…

Active communication is an important element of second language (L2) learning, as it contributes to the acquisition of language competence. The prerequisite of L2 use is having the willingness to communicate (WTC). However, previous research tended to conflate WTC and communication behaviour and provided little evidence that WTC and/or…

Despite the increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools among students, limited research has examined the underlying mechanisms guiding their adoption in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) and self-determination theory (SDT), this study…

This study aimed to investigate whether and how willingness to communicate, communication in English anxiety, behavioural inhibition and action predict perceived second language (L2) fluency. The study also looked at whether L2 proficiency moderates the strength of relationships between these affective factors and L2 perceived fluency. One hundred…

The objective of this study is to examine how secondary school students' beliefs about their social-emotional skills and intercultural understanding can forecast their attitudes towards the English course. This study was developed with a focus on the connection between language and culture, as well as the correlation between social-emotional…

The present study investigated the interactions of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), foreign language anxiety (FLA), and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) in the foreign language speaking classroom. Data collected from 274 Chinese postgraduate EFL learners showed that the subjects generally had medium to high scores on global trait EI; in…

The Language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs) is a new platform of computer assisted language learning (CALL); since most LMOOCs witness high dropout rates, empirical evidence on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' motivation to accept and utilize LMOOCs for English language learning is warranted. This study recruited 237 Taiwanese…

This paper explores the resilience exhibited by 169 Greek English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. A quantitative approach was employed to examine Greek EFL teachers' resilience in relation to demographic, occupational and school/class characteristics. Data were collected by means of the Teacher Resilience Scale (Daniilidou & Platsidou,…

Despite widely reported 'Mainland-Hong Kong conflicts', recent years have witnessed progressive growth of Mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong universities. This study aims to explore the role of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in the cross-cultural adaptation of such a group of sojourning students. Structural equation modelling showed that the…

This paper reports the results of a study examining whether EFL teachers' emotional intelligence (EI) predicts their degree of involvement in reflective practices (RPs). To this end, 230 Iranian EFL teachers filled out the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire developed by Petrides (2009) and the English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory…

The need to assess and understand students' strengths in choosing their future careers is essential. Aptitude exams like the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) and Academic performance via Grades are important data used as the basis for determining student career strength. This study employed descriptive-correlational research, where…

Perceived competence is considered an essential predictor of learner´s performance in language learning. It is therefore important to identify strategies that favor its development. This study aims to analyze whether the perceived linguistic competence of English as a L2 of pre-service teachers improves after implementing Dialogic Pedagogical…

The purpose of this study is to examine which, and how, reflective practices as instructional strategies affect students' self-directed learning (SDL) competencies in second language university classes. To answer the research questions, an explanatory mixed-methods approach was used to extend quantitative research through qualitative research.…

Although numerous studies show that intelligence, measured by various tests, is a significant predictor of school achievement, this cognitive variable can only explain about 50% of the variance. It is also known that communicative language ability represents an important basis for learning subject content in the early period of formal education.…

The importance of applying cooperative learning and aiming toward an increase in motivation to maximize the effectiveness of the learning process has not sparked an intense research interest in the Bosnian EFL context. Thus, the current study, conducted among 211 high-school participants, explores the impact of gender and grade level on students'…