The global status of English as a lingua franca necessitates effective English language teaching (TEFL) to meet the demands of the global economy and social development. This article explores key principles for effective TEFL, grounded in a sophisticated theoretical framework that integrates cognitive, sociocultural, and constructivist…

To become a better teacher, teachers are encouraged to practice 'a reflective mind' to have an insight of what is going on in the classroom and decipher what works and would not work (Farrell, 2018). Teachers, the English language teachers in particular, are likely to face many challenges not only in the global economy and competitive market of…

Terms and concepts currently in use in adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction are defined and explained. They include: authentic or alternative assessment; computer-assisted language learning; critical literacy theory; family and intergenerational literacy; multiple intelligences and learning styles; practitioner inquiry, reflective…