A review of five types of bilingual programs finds that maintenance and dual-language programs best foster bilingualism, academic achievement, and cultural pluralism, but program implementation and organization also determine effectiveness. Input from bilingual teachers indicates that building administrators must develop and communicate a clear…

California's framework for second language education describes the state's requirements for development of effective foreign language instruction in the public schools. Chapters address these topics: (1) the economic, civic, and cultural benefits of a foreign language program; (2) characteristics of an effective program, including…

This primer describes the comprehensive nature of the role of the public school teacher working directly with children from non-English-language backgrounds. Intended primarily for less experienced teachers of English as a Second Language (ESL), it may be useful to aides, tutors, administrators, counselors, health professionals, mainstream…