Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the standard analytical techniques used in EFL studies. It helps researchers to identify hidden constructs and check whether the survey instruments capture learners' beliefs, feelings and attitudes in EFL classrooms. However, many struggle with the application of EFA due to a lack of clear rationale for…

Previous research has found lexical access to be related to both categorization processes, whereby concepts are grouped into different types of categories such as taxonomic, experimental and ad hoc; and to semantic fluency, which is concerned with an individual's ability to produce words related to a specific category. However, studies analyzing…

This study uncovers the development and structure of the research on English as a second or foreign language in post-Soviet countries. In total, 500 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed. The findings revealed that the authors involved tend to cross borders in co-authorship publications. There is a small exchange of…

The development of English-language skills, a near necessity in today's global economy, is heavily influenced by historical national decisions about whether to subtitle or dub TV content. While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of out-of-school learning. We identify the causal effect…

Through signs and symbols, language serves as a means of expressing ideas and sentiments. These signs and symbols are used to encode and decode the information. The world has many different languages in use. As their first language, a baby learns their mother tongue. From birth, he or she is exposed to this language. Any additional language that…

The study aimed to explore the evidence of first language (L1) mediation in second language (L2) word associations and the L2 learner-related factors affecting the extent of L1 mediation with the following approaches. First, different from previous research, word association tests (WATs) embraced both receptive and productive word associations in…

This study attempted to investigate the effects of two forms of text-based glosses, namely dynamic and non-dynamic glosses, on vocabulary learning of EFL learners. To this end, two experimental groups and one control group, each comprising 25 participants, took part in the study. The DIALANG test was employed as a homogenizing tool to ensure the…

Despite the existence of many studies on language learning strategies (LLS), little scholarly work reports the LLS used by multilingual foreign language learners. To fill this empirical gap, the present qualitative case study investigates how polyglots employed their strategies over their path of learning multiple foreign languages. We collected…

Project-based academic report writing (PBARW), one form of integrated writing, is widely used in Asia. We tested the hypothesis that L2 English learners have to achieve a threshold level of reading comprehension for PBARW strategies to have noticeable effects on writing performance. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the…

Research on extensive reading (ER) has quite consistently highlighted its impact on second/foreign language learning. However, it remains unclear what the exact components of ER are that make it profitable. In practice, there appears to be variation in the application of key elements of ER, and programs vary in the kinds of additions they make to…

Studies looking into second language development have shown that findings about a group of learners cannot be transferred to individual learners. In this study, we explored ways to meaningfully group individuals starting from the data and investigated whether this grouping can give extra information about learning trajectories that goes beyond the…

This study examines the genre preferences and gender differences in Algerian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' exposure to English-language media. 71 Algerian undergraduate learners of English completed a structured survey exploring the extent to which they are exposed to different types of English media outside of the classroom.…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is considered a critical competence for lifelong learning that requires explicit instruction and consistent practice, especially for college students. Despite the abundant intervention studies on the role of SRL in students' academic performance in the Western world, very little is known in China in English as a…

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical issues and existing research in relation to the emotions that learners' experience when learning and using a FL, highlighting the two emotions under investigation, enjoyment and anxiety, which are the focus of the empirical research reported later in the book. Highlighting the crucial…

Despite the increasing empirical research on the psychological dimensions of language learning, Foreign Language Learning Anxiety (FLLA) remains comparatively underexplored, particularly in subject-specific academic contexts. This mixed-methods case study investigates FLLA among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in British literature…