This study investigates the efficacy of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with elearning methodologies within the context of automotive vocational education at a state university in Indonesia. Employing Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM), we analyzed data collected from 80 undergraduate students enrolled in an automotive…

We redesigned our undergraduate laboratories to create a structured sequence that continuously improves the learning experience of students. We utilized a PBL and PjBL approach in which students are progressively introduced to ill-structured open-ended problems, the development of projects, and the creation of research products. We dynamically…