This article advances an attributional theory of motivation and emotion, with achievement strivings as the theoretical focus. Causes of success and failure share three common properties: locus, stability, and controllability. Stability of causes influences changes in expectancy of success. Expectancy and affect guide motivated behavior.…

This paper discusses infant attachment, which it defines as a long-lasting emotional bond revealed when a child under stress seeks out and tries to stay close to a specific figure. The paper addresses: (1) What is attachment? Who are the pioneers in attachment theory?; (2) How do we notice attachment in action?; (3) Is attachment the only…

This review examines research done on affection behaviors of children with visual and hearing impairments. A social interaction perspective is utilized, and areas for further empirical investigation are identified. (DB)

This paper reviews research relating child temperament (social, emotional, and attentional characteristics) to educational process and outcome for exceptional children with different diagnoses. The paper presents a model of temperament effects on educational outcome, mediated by effects on parents, peers, and teachers and by the child's academic…

Examines explanations for gender differences in such behaviors as comforting and emotional support. Fails to reveal many meaningful differences between the male and female undergraduate student subjects--let alone differences that were dichotomous or of "grand magnitude." Suggests that the "different cultures account" appears to be an overly…

Two studies investigated emotional-display-rule knowledge and its associations with family expressiveness and peer competence. Findings indicated that third graders combined expression regulation with prosocial reasoning, norm-maintenance, and self-protective motives more frequently than kindergartners. Negative expressiveness was related…

Notes that, although a great deal is known about affective relations between mothers and young children and affective expression in marital dyads, relatively little is known about emotional development during adolescence. Briefly discusses the studies presented in this issue that represent an integration of work currently being conducted on affect…

Calls for an end to a "prevention war" mentality that breeds youth programs that are high profile, short term, and in competition with programs already in place. Instead, this article advocates for comprehensive, sustained efforts that promote the personal and social development of young people and address problems at their psychosocial…

Results of a longitudinal study provide several insights into the idealization of motherhood, the idealization of mothers' relationships with their children in the years from 1 to 4, and the development of children of women who idealize motherhood. In the mother, idealization is associated with low self-esteem, denial of ambivalent feelings and…

Papers and discussants' comments from a symposium on issues concerning infants' reactions to strangers are presented. Researchers agreed that there is a developmental shift in infant behavior at 7 to 9 months of age when the infant becomes more cautious in approaching strangers. However, investigators hypothesize that the presence of the mother,…

Designed as a resource for teachers, this bibliography provides reference to materials on affective education from the areas of psychology, education, and mental health published between 1951 and 1975. Included in the listing are professional books, articles, periodicals, children's books, organizations and projects, additional bibliographic…

This study was conducted to determine if dependency as manifested by the preschool child is predictive of reading disability. Case studies were conducted using seventeen disabled readers, nine boys and eight girls, of average or above average ability from the third grade in two schools on Long Island. Preschool dependency was determined by a…

Compares the affective reactions of nonretarded second- and third-grade children to those of mildly retarded children to a videotape in which a protagonist's initial behavior (good, bad) was factorially varied with the emotion he experienced in the concluding incident (happy, sad). (HOD)

Distributed by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, and Health and Human Services, this pamphlet provides parents with information and advice about their infants in the fourth month of life. Following a brief description of developmental characteristics at this age, the pamphlet offers information on topics including feeding, early…

This study examined individual differences in young children's understanding of emotion and potential correlates in the domain of family experiences. Participating in the study were 49 children, ages 40 to 75 months from a predominately white, middle to upper class sample. Self-report questionnaires concerning the expression of emotion, management…