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Homeschooling: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Learn?
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Valiente, Carlos; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Ray, Brian D.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Ruof, Ariana – Child Development Perspectives, 2022
In this article, we identify approaches for understanding more thoroughly the academic and social experiences of homeschooled students. The growth of the homeschooling movement in the United States, questions about the need for additional regulation, and the importance of high-quality education for children motivate this scholarly effort. We begin…
Descriptors: Home Schooling, Academic Achievement, Social Development, Emotional Development
The Relations of Preschool Children's Emotion Knowledge and Socially Appropriate Behaviors to Peer Likability
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Sette, Stefania; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Baumgartner, Emma – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2017
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations of children's emotion knowledge (and its components) and socially appropriate behavior to peer likability in a sample of Italian preschool children at two time-points. At both Time 1 (T1; n = 46 boys, 42 girls) and a year later at Time 2 (T2; n = 26 boys, 22 girls), children's emotion…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Child Behavior, Affective Behavior, Emotional Development
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Effortful Control, and Parenting as Predictors of Children's Sympathy across Early Childhood
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Taylor, Zoe E.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L. – Developmental Psychology, 2015
The goal of this study was to examine physiological and environmental predictors of children's sympathy (an emotional response consisting of feelings of concern or sorrow for others who are distressed or in need) and whether temperamental effortful control mediated these relations. Specifically, in a study of 192 children (23% Hispanic; 54%…
Descriptors: Physiology, Environmental Influences, Predictor Variables, Children
Children's Effortful Control and Academic Achievement: Mediation through Social Functioning
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Valiente, Carlos; Eisenberg, Nancy; Haugen, Rg; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Hofer, Claire; Liew, Jeffrey; Kupfer, Anne – Early Education and Development, 2011
Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to test the premise that children's effortful control (EC) is prospectively related to their academic achievement and to specify mechanisms through which EC is related to academic success. We used data from 214 children (M age at Time 1 [T1] = 73 months) to test whether social functioning (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Change, Emotional Development, Interpersonal Competence
Enhancing Early Child Care Quality and Learning for Toddlers at Risk: The Responsive Early Childhood Program
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Landry, Susan H.; Zucker, Tricia A.; Taylor, Heather B.; Swank, Paul R.; Williams, Jeffrey M.; Assel, Michael; Crawford, April; Huang, Weihua; Clancy-Menchetti, Jeanine; Lonigan, Christopher J.; Phillips, Beth M.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L.; de Viliers, Jill; de Viliers, Peter; Barnes, Marcia; Starkey, Prentice; Klein, Alice – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Despite reports of positive effects of high-quality child care, few experimental studies have examined the process of improving low-quality center-based care for toddler-age children. In this article, we report intervention effects on child care teachers' behaviors and children's social, social-emotional classroom activities (RECC).…
Descriptors: Educational Quality, Early Childhood Education, At Risk Persons, Toddlers
Mothers' Teaching Strategies and Children's Effortful Control: A Longitudinal Study
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Vidmar, Masa; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Eggum, Natalie D.; Edwards, Alison; Gaertner, Bridget; Kupfer, Anne – Developmental Psychology, 2010
Findings on the relation of maternal verbal teaching strategies to children's effortful control (EC; i.e., self-regulation) are limited in quantity and somewhat inconsistent. In this study, children's EC was assessed at 18, 30, and 42 months (ns = 255, 229, and 209, respectively) with adults' reports and a behavioral measure. Mothers' verbal…
Descriptors: Mothers, Emotional Development, Teaching Methods, Verbal Communication
Longitudinal Relations of Children's Effortful Control, Impulsivity, and Negative Emotionality to Their Externalizing, Internalizing, and Co-Occurring Behavior Problems
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Valiente, Carlos; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Cumberland, Amanda; Liew, Jeffrey; Reiser, Mark; Zhou, Qing; Losoya, Sandra H. – Developmental Psychology, 2009
The purpose of the study was to examine the relations of effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and negative emotionality to at least borderline clinical levels of symptoms and change in maladjustment over four years. Children's (N = 214; 77% European American; M age = 73 months) externalizing and internalizing symptoms were rated by parents and…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Behavior Problems, Self Control, Adjustment (to Environment)
Focused Attention in Toddlers: Measurement, Stability, and Relations to Negative Emotion and Parenting
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Gaertner, Bridget M.; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Eisenberg, Nancy – Infant and Child Development, 2008
This longitudinal study examined individual differences and correlates of focused attention when toddlers were approximately 18 months old (T1; n = 256) and a year later (T2; n = 230). Toddlers' attention and negative emotionality were reported by mothers and non-parental caregivers and rated globally by observers. Toddlers' focused attention also…
Descriptors: Caregivers, Toddlers, Parent Child Relationship, Measurement
Longitudinal Relations among Parental Emotional Expressivity and Sympathy and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence
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Michalik, Nicole M.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Ladd, Becky; Thompson, Marilyn; Valiente, Carlos – Social Development, 2007
Concurrent and longitudinal relations among parental emotional expressivity, children's sympathy and children's prosocial behavior were assessed with correlations and structural equation modeling when the children were 55-97 months old (N = 214; M age = 73 months, SD = 9.59) and eight years later (N = 130; ages 150-195 months old, M = 171 months,…
Descriptors: Prosocial Behavior, Females, Structural Equation Models, Adolescents
Toward a Developmental Model of Child Compliance: The Role of Emotion Regulation in Infancy.
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Stifter, Cynthia A.; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Braungart-Rieker, Julia M. – Child Development, 1999
Examined relationship between emotion regulation at ages 5, 10, and 18 months, and compliance at 30 months. Found that infants with low levels of regulatory behavior were more likely to be noncompliant as toddlers. High cardiac vagal tone was related to noncompliance to toy clean-up, whereas low cardiac vagal tone was related to noncompliance to…
Descriptors: Compliance (Psychology), Emotional Development, Infant Behavior, Infants
Emotion-Related Regulation: Sharpening the Definition
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L. – Child Development, 2004
Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue) considered many important conceptual and methodological issues in their discussion of emotion regulation. Although it may be necessary to develop an integrated definition of the construct of emotion regulation, the definition provided in the Cole et al. article is too encompassing. It is important to…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Self Control, Emotional Development, Behavior Patterns
Preschoolers' Spontaneous Emotion Vocabulary: Relations to Likability.
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Fabes, Richard A.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Hanish, Laura D.; Spinrad, Tracy L. – Early Education and Development, 2001
Examined differences in children's spontaneous use of emotion vocabulary during peer interactions and explored these differences in relation to children's likability as assessed by peers. Found that with increasing age, emotion vocabulary became more differentiated and complex, and children who used a larger number of emotion words were more liked…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Developmental Psychology, Emotional Development, Emotional Response
Associations of Emotion-Related Regulation with Language Skills, Emotion Knowledge, and Academic Outcomes
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Sadovsky, Adrienne; Spinrad, Tracy L. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005
Research suggests that the development of emotional regulation in early childhood is interrelated with emotional understanding and language skills. Heuristic models are proposed on how these factors influence children's emerging academic motivation and skills. (Contains 2 figures.)
Descriptors: Learning Motivation, Language Skills, Peer Relationship, Emotional Development
Mothers' Regulation Strategies in Response to Toddlers' Affect: Links to Later Emotion Self-Regulation
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Spinrad, Tracy L.; Stifter, Cynthia A.; Donelan-McCall, Nancy; Turner, Laura – Social Development, 2004
Recently, there has been a great deal of research on the socialization of children's emotions and self-regulation. In the present study, the specific strategies that mothers use to help their young children regulate their emotional responses were examined using a longitudinal design. Forty-three mother-toddler pairs were observed when toddlers…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Mothers, Toddlers, Emotional Response