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Download full textGutierrez, Emily; Blagg, Kristin; Chingos, Matthew M. – Urban Institute, 2022
The share of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch (FRPL) via meal applications is often used as a proxy for the share of students from low-income households at a school. But the recent adoption of universal meal programs, such as the Community Eligibility Provision, make it more difficult to consistently measure student poverty…
Descriptors: Poverty, Low Income Students, Urban Schools, Measurement Techniques
Gutierrez, Emily; Blagg, Kristin; Chingos, Matthew M. – Urban Institute, 2022
Most researchers and policymakers rely on the share of students eligible for free and reduced-price meals when describing student socioeconomic background in schools. But shares of students receiving free and reduced-price meals, and other measures related to the distribution of school meals, vary by state and across time because of changes in…
Descriptors: Poverty, Low Income Students, Urban Schools, Measurement Techniques
Peer reviewedHarwell, Michael – National Education Policy Center, 2018
Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are widely used in educational research and policy applications, in large part due to overwhelming evidence linking SES to student achievement. SES is usually conceptualized as an unobservable factor--a construct--measured using variables such as parental education, occupation, income/wealth, and home…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Academic Achievement, Correlation, Research Methodology
Levin, Jesse; de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak; Atchison, Drew; Manship, Karen; Arellanes, Melissa; Hu, Lynn – Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE, 2018
This report presents the results of a thorough study conducted by American Institutes for Research (AIR) to investigate the cost of providing an "adequate" education to California students attending public elementary, middle, and high schools. The study addresses the following question: "What is the cost of providing all California…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education, State Standards, State Departments of Education
McCaffrey, Daniel F.; Casabianca, Jodi M. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013
As the education reform movement increasingly focuses on teachers and teaching, educators, policy-makers, and researchers need valid and reliable measures that can be used to evaluate individual teachers, provide guidance for improving teaching performance, and support research in ways that advance instruction and classroom dialog and practice. A…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Classroom Observation Techniques, Video Technology, Observation
