This is the third in a series of four reports describing a study of 1,614 junior high school mathematics and English students and 69 of their teachers that was undertaken to discover the effects of different teaching behaviors on cognitive and affective student outcomes. This booklet contains a discussion of different types of direct observation…

Systematic observations of classroom behavior of both teachers and pupils are effective measures of process in education. Until a few years ago, the classroom process--what actually does and does not happen as a result of instituting a new program--went unmeasured for want of tools and techniques to do that job. In this article, examples of…

A classroom observation scale designed to be used in the observation and recording of an individual student's behavior and the teacher's response to the behavior is presented. (Author/PHR)

Classroom variables associated with academic learning time (ALT)--instructional time, on-task behavior, and student success rate--are positively related to student achievement. Guidelines and forms are provided for teachers and supervisors to gather objective and usable information on these ALT components through direct classroom observation…

This is the fourth in a series of four reports describing a study of 1,614 junior high school mathematics and English students and 69 of their teachers that was undertaken to discover the effects of different teaching behaviors on cognitive and affective student outcomes. This booklet is the working manual used for coder training and includes…

An evaluation of the validity of direct observation measures of pupil classroom behaviors is presented. Three types of measures are discussed: molar, molecular, and molecular-composite. Consistent support for the validity of molar and molecular-composite types of measures is revealed. (Author/LMO)

School nurses need to be aware of how divorce affects children and to have the necessary skills to assess emotional problems. Student behaviors to watch for that may indicate emotional problems are listed. (Author/DF)

Considered are some objections to the use of systematic observations of student behavior in special education practice and research. (IM)

An observation instrument designed to be applicable across teaching situations (both grade levels and educational strategies) is presented with evidence regarding its efficiency and generalizability. The dependability of scores yielded is assessed by a generalizability study, and recommendations concerning number and item types in the measure are…

Describes (and presents in an appendix) the Multidimensional Reading Instruction Observation Scale, a formative evaluative instrument to evaluate the quality of reading instruction by recording interactions between student and teacher regarding cognitive processes, affective processes, and management skills from three perspectives: teacher…

Observation in 281 elementary and junior secondary classrooms and interview with teachers found large variation in communication behaviors of Botswana teachers, related to subject matter, presence of a textbook, and school size. Much class time was spent on choral recitation, which was positively related to expatriate staff and pupil persistence.…

Offers observational tools that physical education teachers can use to gather objective data on their teaching for the purpose of reflection. The tools are based on complex research tools associated with effective teaching. The three types of observational tools focus on student behaviors, teacher behaviors, and teacher-student interactions. (SM)

The Teacher Practices Observation Record (TPOR) and the Florida Climate and Control System (FLACCS) were reviewed to determine their appropriateness for measuring teacher competencies defined by teachers in Carroll County, Georgia. The TPOR looks at the way the teacher develops subject matter and thinking processes of pupils through the eyes of…

This article introduces secondary and college economics teachers to the technique known as interaction analysis. The Flanders system of analyzing language in the classroom and techniques for applying interaction analysis in economics courses are discussed. For journal availability see SO 504 499. (Author/RM)

Over 100 systems have been developed that permit the recording and categorizing of teacher and student behavior. The cognitive processes of practicing teachers' decision making must be studied in order to deduce a common base whereby teaching decisions could be improved. (Author/JKS)