Individualization should be characterized by flexible values (such as adaptation to individual student differences and development of student responsibility), instead of rigid strategies. (Author/DS)

The development of programing for the gifted and the culturally diverse follows the same general developmental sequence: awareness, recognition, appreciation, acceptance, and affirmation. A gifted program model, based on the recognition of individual differences, enrichment, and self-actualization through counseling, can be effectively applied…

This study synthesizes published and unpublished research on the effects of adaptive education on student outcomes. The study found adaptive education affects student outcomes positively and suggests that tailoring instruction to individual students is more effective than traditional educational methods. (MD)

Individualization and personalization of instruction in general and in foreign language study are examined. The historical and theoretical background of individualization and aspects of various programs are discussed. The concentration is on the literature and programs as developed in the 1971-73 period. Individualization of foreign language…

A review of available literature on extended school year (ESY) programming (1972-1988) is structured around an exploration of 11 questions developed by special education administrative personnel. Issues addressed include how regression/recoupment (R/R) is measured; the related concepts of generalization and maintenance; how R/R is related to…

The rationale behind Public Law 94-142, which pertains to education of handicapped children, is presented. Key terms such as mainstreaming, least restrictive environment, zero reject, most appropriate placement, and individualized education are discussed to clarify their significance for educators. (PP)

This brochure summarizes law, policy, and practice concerning inclusion policies for students with specific learning disabilities (LD). It summarizes requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act concerning the availability of a continuum of placement options and placement in the least…

Since deaf students who are members of more than one cultural group (e.g., Deaf and Black, Deaf and Asian, Deaf and Native American, Deaf and Hispanic) seldom encounter teachers who are deaf, let alone deaf and representative of their ethnic/racial group, this paper offers a framework to help teachers attend to the variations in beliefs,…

Discussion of the principle of least restrictive environment (LRE) in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) reviews sociopolitical, legal, and educational data. The article suggests that concerns about LRE placement have obscured the preeminent issue of free and appropriate instruction, another IDEA principle. Some principles of…

This teacher training module is designed to help teachers design curriculum and teaching to accommodate student diversity. The approach locates decisions with groups of teachers, creates new roles for both general and special educators, and redesigns the Individualized Education Program. After an introduction and overview, the first section…