Chapter 4 reveals the tensions in ETL--between its transformative orientation and transmission-based implementation--and among different policy actors. If there is no common or shared understanding about ETL among the policymakers, how local actors can make sense of the policy anyway? This is the central question that this chapter tries to unpack.…

An empirical approach to remediating handwriting problems in children is presented. After an observation period, the teacher gathers a number of handwriting samples, and using information from both sources, analyzes the problem. A checklist is used to list aspects of the analysis, such as general handwriting characteristics and degree of proximity…

A checklist is presented to identify common problems students exhibit in arithmetic. Alongside general areas of need, common mistakes are listed to help diagnose error patterns for targeting specific skills and designing effective intervention. General areas include readiness, problem solving, whole-number computations, fraction computations, and…

A checklist is provided for interactive educational assessment in the language arts. Columns list matched sets of performance areas, behavioral indicators, and related concerns, divided into sections on listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Student comprehension, attentiveness, knowledge, expressiveness, and skills are included in assessment…

A checklist is provided for assessing common reading problems. Columns list matched sets of target skills, related skills, and possible problem behaviors. Skills are divided into sections on prereading, word recognition, and comprehension. An additional checklist can be used to note facilitative factors observed to aid a student's progress. (PB)

A checklist is provided for assessing common errors in speech and language arts. Columns list matched sets of target skills and possible problem behaviors for educational diagnosis and intervention. Skills are divided into sections on language, articulation, voice, fluency and nonverbal communication including prosody, kinesics, and proxemics. (PB)

A table is presented to facilitate error analysis for students experiencing spelling difficulties. Common error patterns are listed along with possible sources of errors and sample words illustrating both stimulus and response according to the erroneous pattern or habit. The three most common error patterns are identified. (PB)

Presents a checklist that was created so that parents, teachers, and others could obtain from vision specialists information necessary to ameliorate learning conditions efficiently. (FL)

A checklist is presented to help structure systematic observation and diagnosis of students' handwriting. A breakdown of handwriting skills is accompanied by possible problem behaviors and related factors (such as grasp of writing instrument and motor skills) to consider in error analysis. The most common elements diminishing legibility are…

This article provides recommendations for teaching students how to use a story grammar cuing system to improve both the fluency and quality of their stories. The cuing system is a series of steps in the form of a checklist that serves as a self-regulatory mechanism for prompting attention, memory, and accuracy. (JDD)