Augmented reality (AR) as a mobile educational technology enables self-directed and interactive learning by anchoring multimedia-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) content at selected locations. Numerous systematic and meta-reviews for education, specifically for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), have demonstrated a wide range…

Outlines how the Writing Response Groups function. This is a cooperative learning atmosphere where trained student peers respond to other students' writing with the Praise-Question-Polish technique. Includes references. (MD)

Depicts two common views of the principal--the effective leader and the low-profile administrator--and outlines a more realistic view: the principal who realizes constraints but exercises authority as fully as possible. (Author/JM)

Discusses instructional design and the classroom teacher. Highlights include the impact of calls for school reform; teaching as an art versus a science; teacher planning versus instructional design; achieving reform through patching versus rebuilding; and the need to have a closer working relationship between teachers and instructional designers.…

While the regular education initiative (also called regular education/special education initiative) has merit, the powerful complexities and dimensions inherent in the changes that are called for must be acknowledged. Excerpts from statements by teacher educators, Education Department officials, researchers, and national associations reflect the…

This paper evaluates the current information base on sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities, specifically in the areas of sexual knowledge, sexual experience, sexual feelings and attitudes, and sexual need. Consideration of this information is critical in developing appropriate sex education programs that can enhance the quality of…

In order for educators to plan for thinking skills in the curriculum, what is meant by thinking must first be determined. Drawing from current research, this report provides working definitions of thinking skills and practical models to explain the working relationships among different levels and different kinds of thought processes. These…

"Curriculum'n'instruction" is a dynamic and constructed process through which students gain access to both the social and the academic content of lessons. This article examines this process as it develops during the everyday events of the classroom and discusses the relationship between curriculum and instruction. (CB)

Outlines the components of direct instruction. Research demonstrates that the types of questions asked, the detailed step-by-step breakdowns, and the extensive practice with examples (illustrated in the three studies discussed) significantly benefit students' comprehension. Includes references and five figures. (MD)

This article focuses on curriculum analysis, an aspect of direct instruction that is frequently neglected or obscured by an emphasis on classroom management and teacher performance. Explicit strategies that are used to teach higher cognitive skills and the importance of teacher training in the appropriate use of direct instruction are discussed.…

In spite of inherent role ambiguity, effective principals create clear images of what their school can be. Then, using their understanding of the community, their organizational setting, and their own abilities, resources, and strategies, they structure their work, set priorities, and adapt their leadership styles to make their visions realities.…

An understanding of different curriculum models and of the ideologies underlying these models provides an essential framework for decision-making during curriculum renewal. Skilbeck's Situational Curriculum Model (1984) is a particularly helpful and moderately systematic basis for the English-as-a-Second-Language curriculum planner. (Author/CB)

Research on teacher planning, teachers' interactive decision making, and the relation between teachers' decisions and student outcomes is summarized. A cognitive psychological framework for analyzing teacher thinking is presented and applied to existing research on teacher planning and decision making. (DB)

To explore the principal's role as instructional leader in school improvement strategies, this research brief focuses on characteristics of effective schools, a profile of effective principals, and a discussion with Dr. Steven Bossert, Associate Laboratory Director for Research and Development at Far West Laboratory in San Francisco, California,…

This report is one of five submitted as products of a "Study Designed to Assist Planning of Research on Significant Instructional Features in Bilingual Education Programs." The reports are intended to assist the National Institute of Education (NIE) in its plans for a major new research study in bilingual education. The present report is…