Cook argued that the learning of a new language leads to a state of multi-competence, with the learner's mind changing in ways that go beyond the linguistic realm. The present study follows Dewaele's suggestion that multilingualism is linked to both cognitive and psychological changes. It explores one particular under-researched relationship,…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist in the measured values of elementary school children in grades four, five, and six in relationship to the variables of sex, grade, parochial school and public school students, and socioeconomic level as measured by the Social Values Inventory (SVI). (Author)

Measured the expectations, values, and motivations of depressed, hyperactive, and normal children (N=54). Results confirmed that depressed children exhibited reduced motivation, primarily because their expectations were pessimistic, although not abnormally irrational. Hyperactives exhibited optimistic expectations, inflated values, and, hence,…

These course materials provide a starting point for helping students (grades K-8) explore the diversity and richness of the human family. The material is organized sequentially around 20 activities which address seven primary objectives: (1) understanding that differences among people have a positive value to society; (2) understanding that such…

Thirty classes of fifth graders (n=536) were surveyed to see if their criteria for academic success, beliefs about the causes of success, and perceptions of teachers' expectations involved the coordination of personal values and contextual norms. Beliefs about causes of success have some relation to personal identities and students'…