Multiple-choice (MC) analogy items are often used in cognitive assessment. However, in dynamic testing, where the aim is to provide insight into potential for learning and the learning process, constructed-response (CR) items may be of benefit. This study investigated whether training with CR or MC items leads to differences in the strategy…

Background: This article considers the impact of differential task difficulty on student engagement and progression within an Irish primary school context. Gaining and maintaining student engagement during learning tasks such as homework is a significant and understandable on-going challenge for teachers. The findings of this study hold the…

This paper seeks to compare the reflective writings of two cohorts of students (Year 4/5 and Year 8/9) participating in mathematical modelling challenges. Whilst the reflections of the younger cohort were results oriented, the older cohort's reflections spoke more to the affective domain, group processes, the use of technology and the acquisition…

Transition from primary to secondary school is an important but neglected topic. For this review, 88 studies were selected from 325 possible studies, as including substantive data related to transition. The teacher's perspective and the child's perspective were very different, the former principally concerned with attainment and the latter…

Current research gives some indications about how inclusive education affects students with special educational needs (SEN), but there are too many different results to draw unequivocal conclusions. It is therefore important to focus on specific factors that could influence outcomes of inclusive education. In this study, we investigated whether…

This study proposed that performing a low-demand secondary task would improve a subject's control of attentional processes on a primary task of importance. Subjects were 60 public elementary school students 9, 10, or 11 years of age. Of these, 30 had been identified as learning disabled and 30 had been identified as non-learning-disabled. Each…

This study explored how social comparative information and specific, proximal goals influence children's skillful performance and percepts of self-efficacy in the context of arithmetic competency development. A total of 40 fourth and fifth graders, identified as low-achieving in arithmetic, received instruction in division along with practice…

Follow Through Evaluation in Philadelphia has adopted a comprehensive documenting approach, the core of which is an individual pupil file containing coded information indicating length of program exposure (in terms of five or more months per year) for each year of pupil enrollment. A study of the relationships between pupil achievement on the…

Non-conserver children have been shown to progress in a spatial transformation task if the material is socially marked, i.e., when there is a correspondence between the cognitive relations and some social relation (Doise and Mugny, 1981). The present experiment was designed to assess the efficacy of social marking when the social necessity of…

Results indicate that, in three different information conditions expectations held for an individual, affects evaluation of his performance. (Author/AM)

On the basis of a study involving 40 first-grade students, compares Pascual-Leone's and Keating and Bobbitt's developmental theories of information processing by contrasting their predictions about a classification task. Results falsified Keating and Bobbitt's model. Predictions from Pascual-Leone's theory were almost wholly confirmed. (RH)

Examined phonological processing in a Chinese reading test and on several phonological processing tasks. Found that younger normal and poor readers of Chinese made more semantic and visual errors, whereas older and normally achieving children made more phonologically related errors. Normally achieving readers also performed better than poor…

The nature of cultural differences in field dependence, the nature of the cultural achievement gaps in reading and math, and the extent to which dependence explains the cultural achievement gaps is investigated in an attempt to examine these differences between Anglo American and Mexican American children. (Author/DEP)

A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED OF THE DIFFERENCES AMONG PUPILS OF DIFFERING ABILITY LEVELS BOTH IN PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENT. A COMPARISON OF THESE DIFFERENCES WAS THEN MADE WITH THOSE USING CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTION PROGRAMS. TWENTY-THREE HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED TO DETERMINE IF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EXISTED AMONG LOW-, AVERAGE-, AND HIGH-ABILITY STUDENTS…