The goal of this paper is to provide guidance for applied education researchers in using multi-level data to study the effects of interventions implemented at the school level. Two primary approaches are currently employed in observational studies of the effect of school-level interventions. One approach employs intact school matching: matching…

This fourth book in the Mathematics Recovery series equips teachers with detailed pedagogical knowledge and resources for teaching number to 7 to 11-year olds. Drawing on extensive programs of research, curriculum development, and teacher development, the book offers a coherent, up-to-date approach emphasizing computational fluency and the…

"Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking" presents a number of perspectives on the definition and applicability of computational thinking. For example, one idea expressed during the workshop is that computational thinking is a fundamental analytical skill that everyone can use to help solve problems, design…

The purpose of this study was to determine conditions under which young children enumerate by counting in multiples. Contrasting effects of different numerosities and perceptual arrangements are discussed in terms of contextual support for the use and development of numerical skills among young children. (Author/RWB)

Tests 107 kindergarten and first grade children to study the order-irrelevance principle. Willingness to arbitrarily assign tags is a developmentally less sophisticated ability than--and hence does not necessarily imply--an ability to predict that differently ordered counts produce the same cardinal designation. (Author)

To test the theory of mental calibration for mental addition it was hypothesized that the mean reaction time for problems in homogeneous sets will be faster than for problems in heterogeneous sets and that the reaction time was inversely related to ability and development (grade level) and independent of gender. Three sets of 40 addition problems…

First, fourth, seventh, and tenth graders were timed when solving simple and complex addition problems, then were presented similar problems in untimed interviews. Manipulation of confusion between addition and multiplication, where multiplication answers were given to addition problems (3 + 4 = 12) indicated an interrelatedness of these…

Twenty-one children (approximate ages 6 to 16), drawn from the larger pool of 100, with Tourette's Syndrome were evaluated to: (1) determine the prevalence of learning disorder in this population; (2) identify particular areas of academic difficulty; and (3) consider the spectrum of central nervous system processing deficits in these children. Not…

In general, studies investigating sex differences in mathematics performance have empirically analyzed students' responses from standardized tests. This paper reports a study to extend the investigation of sex differences related to mathematics performance by examining cognitive and motivational factors as well as standardized test scores. Boys…