Students training to become primary school teachers appear to have little awareness of the core concepts of geography (teaching). To ensure that future primary school teachers are able to develop their pupils' geographical awareness, a six weeks programme was developed. The characteristics of this programme -- named Consciously Teaching Geography…

In preparation for evaluation of programed spelling instruction, a grade 5 spelling program was designed, teachers were given special training, and an educational motivation scale was developed. Of the three subject groups used to carry out the investigation--(1) control, taught by the conventional method; (2) experimental, taught by programed…