These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the International Conference on e-Learning (EL) 2019, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and co-organised by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, in Porto, Portugal, July 17-19, 2019. The EL 2019 conference aims to address the…

In this study, children (ages 7-12) of average intelligence who had learning disabilities (LD) (n=29) and typical children (n=30) were individually tested in a task that investigated the development of proportional structures of thought. In addition, mathematical knowledge was assessed on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised (WJTA-R).…

This paper reports on the classroom experiences of eight 11-year-old pupils with learning difficulties attending four Scottish special schools. Emphasis is on ways teachers can encourage reflective reasoning, problem solving, and metacognitive awareness by pupils who have moderate degrees of difficulty in learning. (Author/DB)

A discussion of the influences of impulsivity on test performance is presented, along with suggested procedures for ascertaining more accurately the cognitive abilities of impulsive children. (Author)

Investigated is whether children would spontaneously model problems with superfluous information and whether their modeling would facilitate problem solving. Included are the addition/subtraction story problems used in this study, introduction, method, results, discussion, and conclusions. (KR)

The purpose of this report is to explore an analysis of discussions, among groups of elementary school children, of a social problem. The intent of the research is to contribute to the advancement of methods for program and student assessment, particularly toward goals not usually evaluated by traditional testing programs. The analysis method used…

Introduces a three-year research project called Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) that focuses on increasing student achievement by developing thinking skills. (YDS)

The author describes the successful use of a variety of interventions in providing motivation for cognitive development in a group of forty-two sixth graders. (MJB)

Examines 109 children from grades 3 through 6 for computational facility and the relationship between automaticity, or efficient processing of addition facts, and success in more complex tasks. Indicates that most errors on the multidigit sums were due to fact inaccuracy, not algorithmic errors. Discusses instructional implications for students…

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an innovative art education program that was piloted in two elementary schools in Wichita, Kansas in 1987. Two questions were addressed: (1) Does instruction in art by a qualified art teacher produce increased learning of the content of art? and (2) Does art instruction emphasizing thinking…

Two studies investigated sixth and seventh graders' metacognitive reading skills or skills that are used in reading to remember. Students monitored relative passage difficulty between narrative and expository passages and offered reasons for their judgements. Self-report strategies, retrospection, and protocol analysis were used. (JN)

This study examined the scores obtained by 21 elementary-level gifted students on 4 different intellectual measures--Stanford-Binet (LM), Stanford-Binet (Fourth Edition), Otis-Lennon School Abilities Test, and the Cognitive Abilities Test. Results showed that the population of gifted students identified will vary greatly depending upon which test…

A study examined differences in metacognition among United Arab Emirates third-graders who were hearing average-achieving (N=58), had hearing impairments (N=25), and who were hearing underachieving (N=33). Students who were hearing average-achieving or had hearing impairments achieved significantly better on a metacognition evaluation than those…

Researchers studied the effect of cognitive conflict between peers in a collaborative problem-solving task in which the relationship between participants could not be described as "expert-novice" and in which development was potentially possible for all. A total of 156 subjects between 5 and 9 years of age, inclusive, participated in the…