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Download full textPortnoff, Lucy; Gustafson, Erin; Rollinson, Joseph; Bicknell, Klinton – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2021
Students using self-directed learning platforms, such as Duolingo, cannot be adequately assessed relying solely on responses to standard learning exercises due to a lack of control over learners' choices in how to utilize the platform: for example, how learners choose to sequence their studying and how much they choose to revisit old material. To…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Educational Technology, Electronic Learning
