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Xuyan Qiu; Gavin Bui – Language Teaching Research, 2025
This study investigates the effects of pre-task planning on English as a second language (ESL) learners' engagement in oral tasks in the face-to-face real-time communication (FTF) and synchronous video-based computer-mediated communication (SvCMC) modes. A total of 36 ESL learners performed two decision-making tasks (with versus without pre-task…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Learner Engagement