The concept of "great ideological and political education" requires comprehensive ideological education to better achieve the educational goals of "innovation and entrepreneurship." This article analyzes and explores the intelligent teaching methods of ideological and political education in universities under the background of "innovation and entrepreneurship," and constructs an intelligent teaching system of ideological and political education in universities under this background. The experimental results show that the stability of the system reaches 95.2%, and the learning efficiency of students has been improved by 11.5%. This work provides important application guidance for big data analysis and IoT sensor data.