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Christensen, Steven S.; Spackman, Jonathan S. – Journal of Educators Online, 2017
This paper explores a new tool for instructional designers. By calculating and graphing the Student Momentum Indicator (M) for 196 university-level online courses and by employing the constant comparative method within the grounded theory framework, eight distinct graph shapes emerged as meaningful categories of dropout behavior. Several of the…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Distance Education, College Students, Comparative Analysis
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Chen, Juanjuan; Wang, Minhong; Grotzer, Tina A.; Dede, Chris – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2018
The use of external representations has a potential to facilitate inquiry learning, especially in hypothesis generation and scientific reasoning, which are typical difficulties encountered by students. This study proposes and investigates the effects of a three-dimensional thinking graph (3DTG) that allows learners to combine in a single image,…
Descriptors: Inquiry, Teaching Methods, Grade 11, Graphs