This study was designed to examine the effects of two factors on the delay behavior of six year old children, a large percentage of whom had not yet attained temporal operations. The subjects consisted of 60 black, first grade children from a lower class urban neighborhood school. The experimental design was a 2x3 factorial with the first factor being the levels of frustration produced by either presence or absence of both low and high valued rewards. This study began with a consideration of the possible positive effects of reward presence, and attempted to dispel the child's frustration by inducing him to think about the rewards in the context of their getting temporally closer. One finding was that subjects given a concrete representation of "time remaining" were able to delay the onset of frustration longer than subjects with no reward present to frustrate them. The results generally support the hypothesis that the presence of rewards is typically frustrating because subjects in the "toys present" control condition waited for shorter periods than subjects in the "toys absent" control condition. (Author/BW)