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Peer reviewedMarks, S. B. – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1998
Links the literature on learned helplessness with best practices in teaching children who are deaf-blind. Defines "learned helplessness" and "mastery motivation;" considers identification of learned helplessness; and offers suggestions such as rewarding independent rather than dependent behaviors and integrating orientation, mobility, and…
Descriptors: Child Development, Communication Skills, Congenital Impairments, Daily Living Skills
