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Shavelson, Richard J. – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2018
A critical issue in educational evaluation is whether evaluations should focus on standardized (summative, often quantitative) or contextualized (formative or often qualitative) evidence. The author of this article advises readers to beware of false dichotomies. The big issue is not whether evaluations should be "standardized" or…
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Summative Evaluation, Formative Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
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Steinberg, Matthew P.; Kraft, Matthew A. – Educational Researcher, 2017
In recent years, states and districts have responded to federal incentives and pressure to institute major reforms to their teacher evaluation systems. The passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015 now provides state policymakers with even greater autonomy to redesign existing evaluation systems. Yet, little evidence exists to inform…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Policy Analysis, Teacher Effectiveness, Teacher Evaluation