Recent efforts to improve K-12 educational outcomes have had mixed success. One possible reason is that many students entering kindergarten lack the basic skills to succeed in school. In 2007, with support from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Hawai'i launched its P-3 (preschool through third-grade) initiative, the early childhood component of the…

This paper presents concepts relevant to, and the benefits to be gained from, using a "systems" model in thinking about academic planning in general and curriculum development in particular. An attempt is made to show how the "systems" approach provides key tools for a diagnosis of academic structure in a college or university.…

This study attempted to identify the differences in cost-effectiveness analysis methods in order to select the most appropriate one as a decision-assisting aid for instructional management. The study is organized to explore and identify what cost-effectiveness methods are being used, identify and examine the differences among these methods in an…

Both the trend toward the scientific information explosion and the trend toward equal opportunity of education are altering what we teach and how we teach. While the movement in research and development in education has been toward using systems applications to deal with these changes, there are some problems with this approach. The domain of…

THE COMBINED APPLICATION OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IS DESCRIBED AS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO ACHIEVE OPTIMUM RESULTS IN THE PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION. PROJECTS OF THIS TYPE ARE GENERALLY FINITE, COMPLEX, HOMOGENOUS, AND NONREPETITIVE. SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT INCLUDES ITS DISASSEMBLY INTO…

From the systems viewpoint, educational planning is the mechanism through which the educational system makes its goals specific and adapt its priorities, resources, and operational patterns to the changing environmental forces of its particular society. The systems-oriented administrator is a change agent and innovative strategist who delegates…

A system approach is a process for effectively and efficiently achieving a required outcome based on documented needs. Three major types of system approaches have emerged from a variety of problem-solving techniques. The design-process mode builds a system to meet determined and substantiated needs. The solution-implementation mode uses various…

This document consists of the papers presented at a meeting of experts who examined and evaluated systems analysis and management technique applications to practical educational planning. The papers focus primarily on the integration of shortrun and longrun aspects of educational planning and the relationship between objectives and implementation.…

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SHOULD BE APPLIED TO SCHOOL PLANNING TO PROVIDE A GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED IN THE MOST REASONABLE MANNER. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS METHODS INTEGRATE THE DIFFERING VALUES OF EDUCATORS INTO COMMON OBJECTIVES. SUCCESSFUL USE OF PROGRAM BUDGETING DEPENDS ON (1) PLANNING, STRUCTURAL DESIGN, AND…

This project has four major objectives: (1) the design and implementation of a computer-based planning and budgeting system oriented toward educational programs, (2) the design of a management information system focusing on educational programs, (3) a general design for a system to evaluate educational programs, and (4) the integration of the…

To meet public scrutiny and increased demands for quality public education, schools must plan. Developing legitimate plans depends on the ability to recognize the patterns that guide current practice and uncover those that will create change. Educators need to understand the planning concepts that have helped business meet new challenges. To bring…

The three main approaches to educational planning are social demand, manpower forecasting, and cost benefit. The social demand approach, useful only for reference purposes, attempts to forecast and assess consumer demand for education. Manpower forecasting tries to insure an output of the educational system to meet future economic demands, but…

A program structure relates objectives and activities by identifying and measuring objectives (including all activities) and by allowing for growth. The process of program structuring categorizes the activities of education into programs according to their contribution to meeting education objectives and provides a format for the program budget.…

Evaluating alternatives provides both the reason for and the technique of program budgeting for educational planning. The activities demanded by the program budgeting system allow systematic choosing of a preferred course of action. Within this system, alternatives are considered in the context of all other programs. This document presents…

Under the present practices, the objectives and activities of socially oriented projects have rarely been specified with enough clarity and concreteness. Alternatives have been insufficiently presented for consideration by top management. In a number of cases, the future costs of present decisions have not been laid out systematically enough and…