While the concept of objectives is widely used in many applied fields of instruction, the systematic derivation and application of objectives for learning and instruction is a key feature of systematic instructional design. However, the treatment of objectives and the terminology surrounding them is sometimes nebulously employed. This article…

This study was designed to see if objectives accompanying test items increased cognitive learning. The results indicate that objectives accompanying pretest items facilitate student study and preparation for posttests, but objectives accompanying posttest items inhibited performance. (BR)

Presented is a study to investigate the usefulness of autobiographies of scholars, artists and scientists as instructional resources for general education objectives. A theoretical discussion in which a rationale for the usefulness of autobiographical materials in general education was developed. This led to the formulation of a Schema of General…

Crucial to curriculum development and change is the assessment of cognitive objective achievement and the identification of cognitive needs. Validation of instrumentation to evaluate the attainment of cognitive behavioral objectives was an essential first step in a state-wide educational needs assessment study conducted by the investigators. A…

Described is a taxonomy for determining the quality and extent of learning activity going on in a classroom at a given time. Research findings indicate that teachers should always stay within the frame of reference of pupils and encourage them to reflect at a deeper level on what they already know. (Author/DB)

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of providing learners with instructional objectives prior to instruction with non objectives-based materials. The objectives of these materials were inferred by the researchers. Sixty-four university students were randomly assigned to treatment groups in which they received either no objectives,…

The document reports on a study of how different environmental education curriculum units affected secondary students' knowledge of and attitudes toward energy and environmental issues. The sample consisted of 16 secondary science and social studies teachers and 32 classrooms with over 600 students in nine Colorado school districts. Eight teachers…

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for fourth-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to education…

Presented is the final report of a one-year project on the structure of high school mathematics knowledge sponsored by the National Institute of Education (NIE). The main body contains conclusions on a conceptual framework for representing high school mathematics. Results are presented through discussion of three domains from the secondary school…

Before the cognitive shift in educational psychology, research on teaching practices that brought about desired student outcomes were dominated by the process-product research program, a confirmative approach in which researchers attempt to discover relationships between teaching behaviors (the process) and learning outcomes of students (the…

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for eleventh-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to educational…

A study was undertaken to evaluate how a mastery approach to teaching history on the high school level influenced student achievement and attitudes. Mastery learning is interpreted to include assumptions regarding student learning capability as well as specified curricular/instructional/evaluative procedures. Essential to mastery learning strategy…

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the two basic factors, progressivism and traditionalism, that underlie attitudes toward education and the range of behavioral objectives which teachers consider important for student achievement. The research involves a measure of teacher attitudes toward education and a…

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for eighth-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to educational…

This paper discusses instructional objectives in middle school social studies programs in Virginia. Undertaken in response to a concern that middle school objectives were largely unsettled despite a significant amount of research, this study aimed at clarifying objectives by investigating Virginia social studies educators' professional positions…