Confusion among stakeholders regarding some aspects of the special education process--chiefly the triennial reevaluation--leads to misapplication of rules across districts and states based on interpretations of informal lore-based reasoning. Local education agencies (LEA) can determine that no additional data are needed and advise parents to…

Background: Italy is internationally known as a Country with a longstanding "tradition" of inclusive education. Objective: Aim of the paper is to provide a frame on the educational policies that, since 1970s, have steered the school system according to a "fully inclusive" model, highlighting the instruments of teaching-learning…

With a high rate of additional learning needs in children with permanent hearing loss, this study sought to understand their educational and support needs. School information on 62 children with varying degrees of hearing loss attending an urban public school during a 5-year period was analysed to understand types and amounts of services over…

Learning disabilities are among the most common disabilities experienced in childhood and adulthood. Although identifying learning disabilities in a school setting is a complex process, it is particularly challenging in low- and middle-income countries that lack the appropriate resources, tools, and supports. This guide provides an introduction to…

The following laws and their effect on vocational education are reviewed: PL (Public Law) 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975); PL 94-482 (Education Amendments of 1976, Title II); and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, sections 503 and 504. What is meant by "free appropriate public education" and "individualized…

Guidelines for the implementation of individualized education programs (IEPs) for handicapped children are provided. An introductory section details the mandates of Public Law 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and defines the components of the IEP and a list of eight exceptionalities (with characteristics of each). Section 2…

Guidelines for the implementation of individualized education programs (IEPs) for handicapped children are provided. An introductory section details the mandates of Public Law 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and defines the components of the IEP and a list of 11 exceptionalities. Section 2 discusses assessment, including…

Guidelines for the implementation of individualized education programs (IEPs) for handicapped children are provided. An introductory section details the mandates of Public Law 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and defines the components of the IEP and a list of 12 exceptionalities. Section 2 discusses assessment, including…

Describes current special education identification, classification, and assessment practices, and evaluates them in light of emerging concerns about their reliability, usefulness, and fairness. Alternatives to conventional practices are discussed, and a revised funding system that can yield the dollar figure available to support the special…

Addresses five questions concerning special education for students with disabilities: Why are so many students considered disabled? What are their educational needs? How should appropriate, individualized services be funded? Are Individuals with Disabilities Education Act's procedural protections necessary? and Can regular education meet needs of…

Evaluation is a process that helps parents and schools determine whether a child has a disability. Under IDEA a "child with a disability" is one who qualifies for special education and related services. A child cannot receive special education without an evaluation. Evaluation is completed in all areas of suspected disability. The…

Public schools must make available special education and related services to all IDEA-eligible (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) students with disabilities beginning at age three and through age 18. Services to students, ages 19, 20, and 21, are permissive. That means the decision to serve 19, 20 and 21-year-old students is determined…

The effects and implications of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law (PL) 94-142, are discussed in this collection of conference presentations. A panel gave an overview of legislative and legal aspects of the law and its implications for personnel development and funding. Small group sessions were held on: individualized…

The purpose of this guide is to help home economics teachers facilitate the mainstreaming of handicapped students. The first section provides an overview of mainstreaming, including legislation, least restrictive environment, and role of the vocational teacher. It also discuses five areas of educational needs for handicapped students:…

This paper addresses the need for transitional services for students with behavior problems. "Seriously emotionally disturbed" is an educational term related primarily to learning problems exhibited by students as a consequence of their emotional or behavioral problems. Follow-up studies of students with emotional and behavioral…