Poor indoor environmental quality impairs student health and decreases academic performance, yet many school facilities are in disrepair, creating subpar learning conditions. In a 2020 national survey, half of U.S. school districts reported needing to update or replace at least two building systems in many schools. Among the most common unmet repair needs are for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, plumbing, interior lighting, roofing, and security. Proper ventilation is of particular concern in managing COVID-19, an airborne virus, yet 30 percent of schools have unmet HVAC repair or replacement needs. This policy update examines how states have tried to improve school infrastructure.