This paper examines community programs sponsored by institutions of higher education; it attempts to define such programs, describe their elements, clarify inherent problems in their development and execution, and offer some observations on the advantages and disadvantages of the various types. Emphasis is on community service, social reform,…

The first in a series of studies of lifelong learning, this paper discusses educational activities undertaken in Portugal after the fall of the dictatorship in 1974 and through 1976. Intended for educational planners and for those working in popular education, the study emphasizes original strategies and experiments, particulary those encouraging…

One in a series of studies of lifelong learning, this paper discusses the cultural and educational needs of selected urban and rural communities in Senegal and Ghana, emphasizing grassroots initiative and the community's analysis of its own needs. Information is drawn in part from surveys, public meetings, and interviews in three communities:…