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Capp, Gordon P.; Sullivan, Kathrine S.; Park, Yangjin – Oxford Review of Education, 2023
Few studies holistically examine how students experience the multiple dimensions of school climate and resilience promoting characteristics, or how these two constructs may be interrelated. This study utilised a sample of 78,550 7th, 9th, and 11th grade students in California. Roughly half of the participants were female (52%), and roughly half…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Resilience (Psychology), Student Characteristics, Grade 7
Erwin, T. Dary; Delworth, Ursula – 1980
Several environmental constructs which influence identity are measured by the Erwin Identity Scale (EIS) and delineated. The EIS is an objectively scored instrument designed to measure the student development concept of identity based on the conceptualizations of Chickering and Erikson. Three sub-scales (confidence, sexual identity, and…
Descriptors: Affective Measures, College Freshmen, Educational Environment, High School Students