System-level consultation or organizational development in schools is an area in great need of theoretical models and definitions. The three articles in this special issue provide a unique learning opportunity not only for consultation across borders but also for consultation within the same nation. In my commentary, I limit my remarks to a few…

A computer based planning and budgeting system aids decisionmakers in planning for allocation of limited resources. (RA)

Resource acquisition is a general process active in all social organizations. The relative success of organizational resource mobilization determines whose goals and values will be met. Several factors impinge on resource mobilization, including suborganizational levels, technological sophistication, professionalization, and unionization.…

There is much to be gained by using systems analysis in educational administration. Most administrators, presently relying on classical statistical techniques restricted to problems having few variables, should be trained to use more sophisticated tools such as systems analysis. The systems analyst, interested in the basic processes of a group or…

METRO II, a regional metropolitan computer consortium, was developed to provide for joint computer services in five school districts with a combined population of 150,000 students. To effect this consortium approach, each of the districts, already with sophisticated EDP, must analyze current systems and project its anticipated needs to fit the…

This project has four major objectives: (1) the design and implementation of a computer-based planning and budgeting system oriented toward educational programs, (2) the design of a management information system focusing on educational programs, (3) a general design for a system to evaluate educational programs, and (4) the integration of the…

This report describes, in a step-by-step fashion, the procedure by which new instructors are hired at the community college level in Hawaii. Since Hawaii's community colleges do not all have identical administrative structures, a single department at Leeward Community College was selected to illustrate the starting point in the hiring process,…

A program structure relates objectives and activities by identifying and measuring objectives (including all activities) and by allowing for growth. The process of program structuring categorizes the activities of education into programs according to their contribution to meeting education objectives and provides a format for the program budget.…

The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Model for Competency Based Education (CBE) Assessment Programs is designed to assist state and institutional decision-makers in the cost analysis of alternative assessment strategies in CBE programs. The general model indicates stages of decision-making related to the use of various assessment strategies within the…

In this era of rapid social change, educational administrators have discovered that new approaches to problem solving and decision making are needed. Systems analysis could afford a promising approach to administrative problems by providing a number of systematic techniques designed to sharpen administrative decision making, enhance efficiency,…

A fully developed planning, programing, and budgeting system comprises more than the program budget and its financial information; it is a system of analysis intended to assist the decisionmaker in choosing among alternative courses of action for the school district programs. Its most salient feature is its usefulness as a general analytical tool…

The linear programing approach to position-salary evaluation of school district personnel allows the district to calculate a system of relative weights that establish the relationship of one position to another in quantitative terms. The model provides an internally consistent, effective assessment of an individual's relative worth to the school…

The planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS) is an instrument to help policy-makers assign priorities and allocate resources. It does not seek to computerize what is essentially a political process, nor is it intended that the statisticians and cost accountants take over functions that properly belong to the political decision-maker. PPBS is…

Program budgeting is an effective tool in helping school administrators and faculty to draw up budgets which reflect their own needs and those of their clients. The "systems approach" can be used to draw up a program budget systematically. Part I outlines systems concepts and the systems approach as they can be applied to education. Also, the…

ERIC abstracts on Planning, Programing, Budgeting Systems (PPBS), announced by this and other clearinghouses in RIE through April 1973, are presented. The key terms used in compiling this collection are "Program Budgeting,""Program Planning," and "Systems Approach." The documents concern both the philosophies and the…