Background: Many children in the United States are victims of bullying; many of the victimized retaliate, aggressively bullying those who have bullied them. Objective: Applying the multiple disadvantage model, this U.S.-based secondary study of data describing bullied children's own perpetration of bullying examined this behavior's relationship to…

Research Findings: The teacher-child relationships that develop in infant/toddler child care provide a critical caregiving context for young children's socioemotional development. However, gaps remain in researchers' understanding of the individual-level processes that facilitate socioemotional development, specifically in center-based…

"Poor white trash" is likely the most enduring and degrading in a long line of "stigmatypes"--"stigmatizing boundary terms that simultaneously denote and enact cultural and cognitive divides between in-groups and out-groups"--such as "redneck," "cracker," and "hillbilly." Some people…

Suggests the effects of poverty may be more debilitating on rural youth than on urban youth due to differences in background, i.e., lower educational level of parents, lower family income, cultural isolation, fewer social services, and marriage at an earlier age. Discusses health problems, housing inadequacies, and fatherless families. (AH)

THE MAJOR THEMES THAT DESRIBED LOW-INCOME CULTURE WERE--SECURITY OVER STATUS, PRAGMATISM AND ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM, ALIENATION ATTITUDE, COOPERATION, PERSON-CENTERED ATTITUDE, PHYSICALISM, TRADITIONALISM, EXCITEMENT, NONJOINING ATTITUDE, AND STABLE, FEMALE BASED EXTENDED FAMILY. THE LEARNING STYLES OF THE LOW-INCOME GROUP WERE PHYSICAL AND VISUAL,…

This paper examines the literature in the growing field of education and inequality that is concerned with how individuals sort, and the consequences of this knowledge for the accumulation of human capital, equity, efficiency, and welfare. It argues that how individuals sort across neighborhoods, schools, and households (spouses) can have…

This study used longitudinal data from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) to examine three issues regarding effects of economic deprivation on child development: (1) the effects on children's developmental outcomes of poverty and such poverty correlates as single parenthood, ethnicity, and maternal education; (2) the developmental…