We examined the development of sharing behavior of children (aged 6 to 12) within the unique, minority population of Christian Arab children in Israel (N = 319). Children had the opportunity to share candy with a needy or non-needy recipient. Parents' level of religiosity was assessed using the Duke University Religion Index questionnaire (DUREL).…

Prior research points to a variety of factors that influence student persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degree programs. Little attention, however, has been given to how STEM faculty understand these processes and subsequently frame their role in supporting students. To address this gap, this article reports on…

Charter schools are positioned by proponents as a key component of reform efforts striving to expand school choice. Proponents argue that charter schools have the flexibility to experiment with novel curricular and instructional models outside the constraints of the traditional public education system, and therefore have the potential to transform…

MEMBERS OF THE DOMINANT SOCIETY IN THE UNITED STATES, BOTH SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND LAYMEN, PERCEIVE THE POOR IN WAYS WHICH ALLOW THEM TO RESOLVE THE ANXIETY THEY EXPERIENCE WHEN THEY RECOGNIZE THAT THE POOR LIVE A LIFE WHICH IS OSTENSIBLY UNLIVABLE. ONE MODE OF PERCEPTION, WHICH UNDERLIES SEEMINGLY SOPHISTICATED VIEWS, AND IS FOUND IN THE ATTITUDE…

THE POVERTY SYNDROME IS A COMBINATION OF MANY NEGATIVE FACTORS, AMONG WHICH ARE LOW INCOME AND ABSENCE OF FAMILY LIFE. THE EROSION OF FAMILY LIFE IN MANY POOR FAMILIES IS DUE LESS TO A LACK OF RECOGNITION AND AFFIRMATION OF SO-CALLED MIDDLE-CLASS VALUES, THAN TO THE INABILITY TO SUPPORT THESE VALUES. BEHAVIOR OF THE BULK OF POOR FAMILIES APPEARS…

A token reinforcement program was used by the Piney Woods Research and Demonstration Center in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Children who were from economically deprived homes received tokens for positive behavior. The tokens were redeemable for recess privileges, ice cream, candy, and other such reinforcers. All tokens were spent on the day earned so…

THE CONCEPT OF A DISTINCT LOWER CLASS OR CULTURE IS OFTEN DETRIMENTAL TO THE STUDY AND COUNSELING OF LOWER-CLASS FAMILIES. CONFUSION ABOUT THE MEANING OF CLASS AND CULTURE IS DANGEROUS WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES AND IN POPULAR THINKING. BY CLASSIFYING BROADLY, THE WIDE RANGES OF BEHAVIOR WITHIN CERTAIN GROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS ARE OVERLOOKED…

Reported were data on the classroom functioning of 602 high school students attending eight different urban ghetto schools, including assessments of reasoning ability, verbal productivity, original and independent thinking, anxiety, rapport, obstreperousness, negativism, withdrawal, and expression of inability to cope with achievement demands.…

Findings are discussed in the light of social-learning theory. (Authors)

Achievement-related beliefs and behaviors of parents of 41 economically disadvantaged African American youth and the relations among parental factors and children's academic self-concept and achievement were studied. Significant and positive relations between parental belief and behavior measures are discussed in light of models of family…

Investigated role of maternal characteristics and behavior, perceptions of social support, and infant characteristics to differentiate early patterns of infant security, organized insecurity and disorganization among socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Found a variety of correlations with different attachment patterns. Also found that change…

Southern Appalachians who had migrated to East Dayton, Ohio, neighborhoods were studied to determine group characteristics, the degree of urban adjustment, and problem areas in social behavior and culture conflict. Interviews were conducted with 5 community leaders, 5 area students who attended a workshop on urban adjustment of migrants, and 5…

A CROSS-CULTURAL NURSERY SCHOOL PROVIDED THE MILIEU IN WHICH THE FEELINGS OF THE ALIENATED POOR WERE OBSERVED. TYPICALLY, THE FAMILIES OF THE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FEEL HOPELESS, HELPLESS, WORTHLESS, AND ISOLATED. THEIR HOPELESSNESS MAY BE A REACTION TO BEING JUDGED AS INCOMPETENT BY SOCIETY AND THEY BECOME PRESENT- RATHER THAN FUTURE-ORIENTED.…

THIS REPORT IS A DISCUSSION OF A STRATEGY DESIGNED TO MEET THE MANPOWER AND PROGRAMMATIC CRISES THAT FACE THE NEW COMMUNITY ACTION AND COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS. IT IS A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR AND THE USE OF INDIGENOUS NONPROFESSIONALS AS "BRIDGEMEN" BETWEEN THE PROFESSIONAL WORKER AND LOW INCOME PEOPLE. THE UNIQUE…

"Language and Poverty," a volume published in 1970 that dealt with various topics concerning language and social class differences, argued that in educational programs for the children of the poor it is important not to confuse differences with deficits. It indicated that poor children had adequate language structures and skills for their…