Modafinil is a prescription-only drug in most countries. It is mainly used to treat narcolepsy and sleep disorders, but it is also used, without a prescription, as a cognitive enhancer by [approximately 10% of UK University students. Previous research has focused on the prevalence of, and motivations for, these behaviours. Here we focused…

Objective: To identify subgroups of students with distinct profiles of mental health symptoms (MH) and substance use risk (SU) and the extent to which MH history and socio-demographics predict subgroup membership. Participants: University students (N = 10,935: 63% female). Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey administered weekly to stratified…

The lack of scientific documentation on the ethnobotany of Dayak medicinal plants makes this knowledge vulnerable to disappearing. Ethnobotany as a learning resource is one very effective step to make students more familiar with and love the knowledge of their ancestors. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinds of drugs and plants used…

Objective: Around 40% of US university students use cannabis, 25% of whom present with cannabis use disorder, which endangers health. We investigated the concurrent contribution of reflective processes, which generate action via conscious deliberation, and non-reflective processes, which prompt behavior automatically, to undergraduates' cannabis…

Adolescents who break the law have experienced situations that increase the likelihood of becoming involved in criminal activities such as drug use, gang involvement, adverse economic conditions, among others. All this, added to their stage of human development, which is characterized by physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes, can lead…

Background: Across the United States and Canada drug-related Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) have been enacted to encourage observers of acute drug overdose events to contact emergency medical services (EMS) without fear of legal repercussions. However, little is known about the working knowledge of GSLs among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD). We…

Introduction: As little is known about who uses specialty mental health clinics for persons with intellectual disabilities, this study aimed to identified caregiver concerns, clinical characteristics, and the relationship between these two constructs for referrals to such a clinic. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative analyses were applied to…

Introduction: Adults with intellectual disabilities have an increased vulnerability to mental health problems and challenging behaviour. In addition to psychotherapeutic or psychoeducational methods, off-label pharmacotherapy, is a commonly used treatment modality. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish evidence-based guideline…

Background: In people with intellectual disabilities and mental disorders and/or challenging behaviours, rates of psychotropic drug prescription are high. In clinical treatments and evaluations, all stakeholders should be involved in a process of shared decision-making (SDM). We aimed to investigate the perspectives of clients and their carers on…

Objective: To evaluate the association between health behaviors with mental health among tertiary education students. Methods: Six databases were searched until September 2021 for prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between health behavior(s) (dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol intake, sleep, smoking…

Numerous studies have reported a disruption in the lifestyle habits (LsHs) of post-secondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the importance of LsHs for these young adults' physical and mental health and academic success, it is pertinent to examine whether these changes were maintained beyond the public health crisis. As post-pandemic…

The aim of this research was to explore the attitudes of elite athletes towards performance enhancement through banned substances. In this study, survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Purposive sampling method was used in the data collection process. Participants consisted of a sample group of elite athletes (n…

Principals are faced with some frustrating situations from time to time in their line of duty in which they must make a variety of decisions affecting their students. This study argues that principals need to understand how to apply professional discretion in their practice and be accountable for their judgements and decisions to avoid the notion…

Little is known about the outcomes of in-school comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programmes two or more years after programme completion, particularly in low-income countries. "Projet Jeune Leader," a youth-founded Malagasy organisation, conducted a retrospective, qualitative evaluation of a CSE programme in Madagascar. The…

Objective: Crack cocaine use has increased rapidly throughout Mexico, along with rising HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among vulnerable groups. The Tirando Esquina: Interviniendo Muros de Salud (TE:IMS) project uses projection-mapping technology and is the first of its kind to reach and provide health education at an individual and…