Arabic orthography is mainly presented either in shallow orthography (with all diacritics) for novice students or in deep orthography (without diacritics) for superior readers. However, the shallow orthography is heavily loaded with diacritics which may burden the reading process, whereas deep orthography can cause ambiguity (heterophonic…

Argues for the existence of a pro-prepositional phrase category whose licensing condition requires it to be theta marked by a head. This licensing condition explains the difference found regarding silent prepositional phrases between Class A and Class B prepositional verbs. (CB)

Considers the use of the Indonesian preposition "oleh" in verb constructions and argues that the construction without this preposition has an incorporated agent. (CB)

Examines the syntactic and semantic relationship between verb forms I and II in modern standard Arabic. The main function of form II verbs was causative/factitive, with the core elements of the causative including (1) agent-subject, (2) action-process verb, and (3) patient-object. (CB)

Theme'' refers to the semantic distinction between that constituent which is the starting point of an utterance and those which carry on what is meant to be said; field work conducted under the auspices of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. (DD)

Paper prepared during a workshop conducted by Joseph E. Grimes, January-April 1971, at Ukarumpa, Territory of New Guinea, and partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. (DD)

Article supported by the Guggenheim Foundation. (DD)

Data are presented from Amele and other Papuan languages to show how the medial verb form is marked for a binary distinction of realis versus irrealis modality. It is demonstrated that in these languages realis-irrealis distinction interacts with categories of tense and mood marked on the final verb to divide them into domains of realis and…

Based in part on an M.A. thesis presented to the University of Illinois by Mr. Harris; deixis refers to those words which have a demonstrative or pointing function, e.g., the pronouns this'' or that''. (DD)

Research supported by a Faculty Research Grant from the Social Science Research Council. (DD)

Study of verb-copying in Mandarin Chinese, focusing on its relationship to the thematic structures of verbs and on phrase structures, shows that the function of verb-copying is to highlight the quantity element in a sentence. (21 references) (Author/CB)

Presents basic rules governing the use of German predicates that are interpreted as but not synonymous with "be" or "put" in English, focusing on the verbs' special characteristics and correct usage in authentic German sentences. (12 references) (Author/CB)